Negoatation analysis free essay sample

Instructions: For purposes of this assignment, assume that you are the negotiator who is tasked with a salary (on call time, step increases, overtime for captains and majors) and benefits (insurance while employed, insurance after retirement, accrual of leave time, retirement multipliers) dispute between a large municipal county with a strong mayor and the sheriff’s department for the county. You are negotiating the contract on behalf of the sheriff’s office. The purpose of this activity is to give you an opportunity to construct a field analysis on your relationship with a specific other negotiator. This tool should be helpful when negotiators have to consider multiple parties—on their own side and on the other side—who can affect a negotiation outcome, and whose needs and interests must be considered. The metaphor for this planning tool is a soccer field (see diagram below). On the field would be members of your team and members of the other team (A, B). We will write a custom essay sample on Negoatation analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page On the sidelines are backup players, coaches, trainers and other team personnel (C). In the stands are â€Å"fans† who are watching the negotiation, members of the media, and other direct observers (D). Finally, the elements outside the stadiumthe location of the stadium, the weather, and other â€Å"context factors† which can shape how the game evolves and is played (E) YOU/YOUR TEAMOTHER/OTHER’S TEAM 1. Who is on my team on the field? (A) The sheriff’s office as represented by an attorney, or other expert that can coach us, guide them and listen attentively to the other sides point(s) of view 2. Who is on their team on the field? (B) The mayoral office as represented by an attorney, or other expert that can coach us, guide them and listen attentively to the other sides point(s) of view Who is on my sidelines who can affect the play of the game? (C) Direct superiors (the sheriff elect) or whoever has the authority to approve any decisions reached on behalf of the department (the sheriff’s departmental supervisors) 4. Who is on their sidelines who can affect the play of the game? (C) Direct superiors (the mayor elect) or whoever has the authority to approve any decisions reached on behalf of the department (the city council/aldermen) 5. Who is in my stands that are involved and interested, either directly or indirectly? (D) Managers, employees, family members of employees, retired employees, supporters of the agency/organization(firemen, military, other security related servers) Agencies that are interconnected to the sheriff’s department. 6. Who is in their stands that are involved and interested, either directly or indirectly? (D) Constituents/voters, family members of elected officials, city employees, family of city employees, retired officials and employees, other statewide government officials and departments within city boundaries that are interxconnected to city entities (Education, Health, Social services etc) Utilitiy workers and services for the city 7. What elements outside the stadium have an interest in the game, or can affect our game in positive or negative ways (E): Affect the rules? The media (all forms of media-Twitter, TV, Newspapers, radio) can make comments or have opinions that adversely or positively affect the outcome of negotiations Change the Climate Bystanders and media focus or attention in negative manners can change the outcome of negotiations-(issues like accusations concerning police brutality, racial profiling, speed traps) Other Competitors? Policing agencies in other states and cities can have an effect on negotitors focus to appear as good or better based on reports from other areas or statistics from other agencies. Other law enforcement agency performance levels could additionally play a factor in negotations Industry shifts and changes? Crime rates go up or down significantly. Employment shifts in the state (could cause a rise or decrease in crimes) Cuts or hikes in welfare rates and programs can additionally effect what this agency will face What elements outside the stadium have an interest in the game, or can affect their game in positive or negative ways (E): Affect the rules? Media plays a significant role in how this office operates. Ignoring constituents opinions and outcry’s can be detrimentrial as well as giving too much credence to tramatic and drama oriented issues will have an effect on how and what these offices are responsible for administering Change the Climate Confident and Positive social programs and changes will definitely effect how negotiators can influence plans . High employment ratings, financially beneficial outcomes for city residents can also be beneficial in negotiating city programs and programs. Other Competitors? Election canvassing; other city successes and innovative programming that is publicized by media can influence this office. Industry shifts and changes? Unemployment; globalization of jobs and resources; weakened economycan all have an effect on city planning and negotiations

New Implimentation of ERP System at the Internal Revenue Essays

New Implimentation of ERP System at the Internal Revenue Essays New Implimentation of ERP System at the Internal Revenue Essay New Implimentation of ERP System at the Internal Revenue Essay The transformation at the IRS gave useful insight to a real life overhaul of a system that was not meeting the needs of its consumers. The IRS has a very expansive group of customers, every person and group that does business, or has business transactions in the USA could be considered its customers. The size of the Iriss customer base increases the need to avoid tenancies similar to what Mr.. Cotter identifies in his article, Leading Change: Why Transformation Efforts Fail. Even though transitions are/should be an ongoing effort to continue to improve, the New IRS is receiving better reviews and headed in the right direction with the right leadership and a goal of continuous improvement. The relationship that the IRS has with its consumers can be temperamental. The article identified that there is a segment of the population that consciously evades the responsibility of paying taxes. It goes on to say that if the IRS doesnt deal with that small percentage of non- compliant citizens, it could cause other taxpayers to feel like they are being treated unfairly. What makes this relationship more complicated is that it is required by law. When a consumer of a good is unsatisfied with the product they are receiving, they can usually go elsewhere and get what they want. With taxes, there is no other way than through the IRS. So if the service is bad, it will irritate taxpayers causing them to turn in poor quality tax returns or Join those who consciously evade paying taxes. The IRS can influence taxpayers desire to pay taxes by making the interfacing system they use easy. A simple tax preparation user system will not discourage taxpayers, whereas a complicated tax system will frustrate taxpayers and cause some taxpayers o choose not to pay taxes altogether. By upgrading the processes that the IRS use to serve the public, they help themselves by having a more efficient system. In Mr.. Cotters article, Leading Change: Why Transformation Efforts Fail he lists errors to avoid when making significant changes in the way a company operates. The first error that he addresses is that companies do not establish a great enough sense of urgency. I do not feel like this was a large problem for Mr.. Risotto and the rest of management of the IRS. With a mandate from congress, and a general public unhappy with its services, the IRS had plenty of urgency to start the transformation process. One area that received special attention in the article was the IRS call centers. The country had outgrown the old system and had made feeble attempts that failed to update it. Evidence of a failing system is cited in the article when it talks about the IRS call centers. Mr.. Risotto attributed the unsatisfactory service to long, complicated calls and old IT systems. A cross-functional committee was formed that identified the call centers as a target for improvement. This was a smart plan cause with a state-of-the-art call system, customers wouldnt need to call back several times hoping to get an answer. The new system routed them to an expert on the subject of question rather than a general staff IRS employee that had no specialized training under the old system. Lean Practices. Currently at work, I am going through a Six Sigma training that encourages waste reduction and maximum efficiency. It is interesting to see the parallels between what I have learned from Six Sigma, the articles written by Mr.. Cotter, and the article put out by Iraqi Technology. They all speak of the importance f the need to have a cultural change that will allow acceptance of a new system by the employees and for management to be the champion of the transformation taking p lace. Without company support, any IT system overhauls or company transformations will fail, and the management who half-heartily supported the failed transformation will lose respect and followers. Management needs to create a strong enthusiastic team that will sell the transformation to the company. This team needs to convince the system users that their lives will get better by implementing the needed changes and then be able to deliver on those promises. A great way to keep the momentum of the project going is to celebrate short-term wins. Public recognition for a process improvement will fuel the fire of a company transformation. Employees will see their peers and colleagues get recognized and get excited to Join in the company conversion to an improved place to work. Cotter said, Without motivation, people wont help and the effort goes nowhere. I think that it would be a great improvement for the IRS to contract out collection work to outside sources. It does not speak about the current process, but there are entities out there that robbery could do it better than the IRS. My reasoning behind that assumption is another assumption that government collectors are not paid commissions. If the IRS contracted out the collection line of business to an agency that got paid commissions on what they collected, my assumption would be that the company under contract would bring in more money to get greater commissions. Money is a powerful motivator, and with the legal backing of the IRS to collect, a collection agency paid on commission would be pretty motivated to collect. This also allows the IRS to focus ore on the majority customer and to provide top-quality service to its customers by narrowing its scope. Companies that can focus on one area of service usually are able to do it better than those who choose to operate multiple lines of business. At the end of the article, Mr.. Risotto acknowledged that the IRS is still far from reaching all of its objectives. However, with reliable systems in place, he stated that they were confident they could eventually reach their goal. Having a good perspective of where your company has come from and where you hope to take it can be a great learning LOL moving forward.

Adult Learning Assumptions Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Adult Learning Assumptions - Research Paper Example Adult learning assumption Learning process is progressive and can occur at any stage of life. Some people may engage in learning from their early stages and pass through the formal education system while others may recognize or access learning opportunities at their later stages of life. While the formal education may not be appropriate for the latter category, an informal adult education exists. Studies have been undertaken on adult education with Knowles’ approach towards assumptions of adult education as an example and this paper argues that three of the Knowles’ assumptions: self-concept, experience, and motivation to learn, are the most right. The self-concept assumption is one of the Knowles’ six assumptions and offers significant impacts on adult education. Knowles argued that as adults’ self-concept is that of a â€Å"self directing human being† (Henry, 2009, p. 127). He argued for a transition from a dependent self-concept to one in which a n adult is an independent personality and an active player in the learning process as opposed to a young learner who assumes a passive role and depends on the lecturer or tutor for learning. Significance of this assumption is derived from the author’s opinion that established it as the most important the understanding adult learning. Cognitive development processes that transcend a person’s life from birth to adulthood also support the assumption’s importance. ... Teachers’ experience in adult education also support significance of the self-concept assumption through their experience that promoting self-concept helps in facilitating adult learning. The role of diversity on performance, including performance in learning, also supports significance of self-concept because recognizing adult learners’ perception towards learning and empowering each learner based on developed self-concept achieves success in each learner. Validity and significance of the self-concept assumption explains why it is right (Wilson and Hayes, 2009). â€Å"The role of the learner’s experience† is another right assumption that Knowles made on adult learning (Baskas, 2013, p. 49). According to Knowles, people acquire varying experiences with age and this means that adults have more experiences that young learners have. Further, the limited scope of young learners’ experiences limits diversity as compared to experiences among adult learner s and the difference in experiences influences adult learning. One of the effects of experience that establishes its significance to adult learning is the realized need for specific knowledge among adults. Their interaction with real life phenomena such as in work environments identifies specific needs that motivates the adults into learning and the facilitator’s identification of the needs and capitalization on empowerment based on the needs forms a basis for further motivating adults in learning processes. Extensive experience that adults bring into learning also empowers them to contribute to learning processes and supports the assumption’s significance to learning processes of groups of adults because allowing the learners to be active

Labor Relations - 5 question essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Labor Relations - 5 question - Essay Example Key national interference in support of unionism together with the â€Å"the National Labor Relations Act of 1935† and â€Å"Norris-LaGuardia Act of 1932† (Baird, 2011) were based on the fake notion that labor and business management are mutual rivals. In reality, both labor and management are engaged by customers to manufacture products and services, and thus it creates no logic to presume a sharp difference between the two units. Labor and Management are harmonizing in nature, not rivals. Both the workforce and the management are the inputs to the manufacturing process. Recently â€Å"The National Labor Relations Board† has permitted a new regulation entailing private companies to show posters informing the employees on their right to create a union, along with their right to allocate union writing and getting associated to further forms of union operations devoid of retaliation (LAS VEGAS REVIEW-JOURNAL, 2011). Answer 2 A huge majority of agreements in the U.S . have been attained by the means of non-economic weapons like collective bargaining. In this procedure the organization representatives and the Labor discuss together their issues to arrive at a commonly satisfactory agreement. When the negotiation between the involved agents does not produce new agreements, the partakers usually go for mediator support. The unbiased mediators get together with the quarreling parties to offer them a helping hand and view the domains of harmony (Craver, 2013). The mediators search for means to tackle the domains of difference. The facilitators persuade the bargaining parties to move beyond their affirmed positions to allow them to investigate their fundamental wellbeing. If mediation fails then a type of obligatory attention arbitration approach is followed that unites final proposal and conservative interest arbitration (Laner and Manning, 2013). The major benefits of such non economic approaches are saving a lot of time while the main limitation i s spending a huge sum of money for the discussed procedure. Answer 3 Off shoring advantages- Cost: cost saving and taxes saving are the key reasons for firms taking on off shoring. Firms can cut the labor charges, worker administration and organization cost, workplace room and apparatus cost and list continues. Making the most of the â€Å"Time Zone Advantage†: Off shoring offers the firms the benefits of developing the time zone by getting surround the clock advantages. Flexibility: The process of off shoring offers the firms with definite flexibilities involving the elimination of appointing and extinction charges in the other nation (Light speed IT solutions, 2012). Off shoring disadvantages- Political environment:  the Political environment in overseas nations is a major source of insecurity as these can be unbalanced at times. Alteration in management policies can amplify the expenditure. Differences in work culture and practices - A vast divergence remains always in t he job culture and that are tough to conquer. Hidden charges:  frequently the unseen cost like legal charges and changeable exchange rate are hard to determine in advance. Variations in currency rates influence the profits to a great extent. Communication hurdle:  It is a lot hard to correspond with firms in other nations that converse in a diverse native dialect. Face to face conferences are very costly

Outline and Evaluate Research Essay Example for Free

Outline and Evaluate Research Essay Many eyewitnesses are called to testify because they have witnessed a crime, accident or incident. The anxiety if this may cause an affect on the reliability of their EWT. There are two main issues in this question: firstly the prediction of the Yerkes Dodson Law that as arousal increases, then so does performance weather spotting, stage performance, or memory encoding, up to an individual optimum level. However, after this optimum level it is suggested that the performance of the individual will decline, this could be triggered by terror. This theory was supported by Deffenbacher et al’s research. The second issue is the â€Å"weapons focus effect†; In Easterbrook’s research he predicted that attention will narrow to the source of the threat e.g the knife the man is holding therefore peripheral detail is lost e.g the details of the perpertrator’s face. This was supported by Loftus’s laboratory studies in an artificial environment using film and slides, using independent groups design, where a control conditions showed the participants a similar scene without weapons. In the first group they had a scene which they believed to be a real life violent crime involving a weapon, results showed that the participants remembered the knife in great detail but no other features, such as the perpetrator’s face clothing etc. However the participants in the control conditions witnessed the same person but only in a peaceful situation and the participants were able to recognise the man when given 50 photos. When we examine real life eye witness testimony recall however, there is excellent recall of detail, and the weapons-focus effect was not supported. Yullie and Cutshall (1986) conducted a natural experiment on 13 out of 21 bystanders who had witnessed a violent shooting 4-5 months previously. There recall was detailed and accurate and they were resistant to leading questions months after the event. Therefore, this suggest that bystanders had reached the optimum level ( Yerkes Dodson Law) when they they witnessed the death of the robber who had previously wounded the owner in Vancouver gun shop before the owner killed him. Weapon focus did not influence witness recall. Therefore we need to examine witnesses to the violent crime who faced a weapon rather than a bystander to confirm the effect of weapon focus shown by Loftus. The natural experiment conducted by Christanson and Hubinette (1993) in Sweden re-interviewed 58 witnesses (customers and bank tellers) to bank robberies that occurred around Stockholm in one year. Those witnesses who faced the weapon (bank  tellers) they had better recall and accuracy of the event after a period of time rather than the bystanders. Optimum arousal is suggested but weapon focus is challenged. The ecological validity of this evidence is high although the participants cannot be randomly assigned to the experiment and there is no control condition as there would be in a laboratory experiment. However, Laboratory experiments lack the intense arousal of a real crime so the supposed weapons effect may be the effect of distinct and unexpected events distracting participants to the unusual element in the familiar. A strong point of Loftus’s field experiment and supports the weapon focus effect; is that it has ecological validity and comparison to the control condition provide strong support. A criticism is the inability of researchers fro randomly allocate participants in this study to experimental and control conditions to control individual differences.

Bandwidth :: essays research papers

Computers store all information as binary numbers. The binary number system uses two binary digits, 0 and 1, which are called bits. The amount of data that a computer network can transfer in a certain amount of time is called the bandwidth of the network and is measured in kilobits per second (kbps) or megabits per second (mbps). A kilobit is 1 thousand bits; a megabit is 1 million bits. A dial-up telephone modem can transfer data at rates up to 56 kbps; DSL and cable modem connections are much faster and can transfer at several mbps. The Internet connections used by businesses often operate at 155 mbps, and connections between routers in the heart of the Internet may operate at rates from 2,488 to 9,953 mbps (9.953 gigabits per second) The terms wideband or broadband are used to characterize networks with high capacity and to distinguish them from narrowband networks, which have low capacity. Research on dividing information into packets and switching them from computer to computer began in the 1960s. The U.S. Department of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) funded a research project that created a packet switching network known as the ARPANET. ARPA also funded research projects that produced two satellite networks. In the 1970s ARPA was faced with a dilemma: Each of its networks had advantages for some situations, but each network was incompatible with the others. ARPA focused research on ways that networks could be interconnected, and the Internet was envisioned and created to be an interconnection of networks that use TCP/IP protocols. In the early 1980s a group of academic computer scientists formed the Computer Science NETwork, which used TCP/IP protocols. Other government agencies extended the role of TCP/IP by applying it to their networks: The Department of Energy's Magnetic Fusion Energy Network (MFENet), the High Energy Physics NETwork (HEPNET), and the National Science Foundation NETwork (NSFNET). In the 1980s, as large commercial companies began to use TCP/IP to build private internets, ARPA investigated transmission of multimedia—audio, video, and graphics—across the Internet. Other groups investigated hypertext and created tools such as Gopher that allowed users to browse menus, which are lists of possible options. In 1989 many of these technologies were combined to create the World Wide Web.

Breaking Through Essay

Throughout the book â€Å"Breaking Through,† Francisco Jinemez discusses many themes. This book is an interesting and a must read book for people who moving to another country and trying to get a better life. There are three themes in the novel that one must follow in order to understand and earn a meaningful life: family, work, and education. First of all, family is the first school in which a child receives the basic values of life. When Francisco was young, his family moved to America, hoping to get a better life. He grew up in a poor family. The six members in his family are his parents, (how many? 3? ) brothers, and sister. His family suffers and struggles with many hardships because they were not coherent English speakers. His mother is a caring and thoughtful woman who places her family as an important priority. She gives Francisco a lot of advice that helped him solve many of his problems. All the members of his family are friendly except his father. His father always yells at him and Roberto when they ask to go out. Although his mood changes invariably like the weather, they still respect him completely. Francisco spends a lot of time with his big brother since their ages are close to each other. Francisco’s love for his family is never-ending. In one part of the book, Francisco and his brother, Roberto, moved away from their family to a different city to live by themselves. At the beginning, Francisco misses his family so much that he can’t help but reminisce about the time when they still lived together. Francisco often misses â€Å"the sounds of [his] Papa’s coughing, the rattle of his aspirin bottle, and the rolling of Mama’s twelve-inch lead pipe† (19). Being away from his family occasionally makes Francisco think of all the little things about his life when he lived with his parents. Jimeneez illustrated an image of Francisco’s life before he moved to _____ in order to demonstrate how Francisco’s strong ties to his family causes him to think about when they were still living together. Everyone has to work whether to earn money or get experience for a better future. When Francisco was still in middle school, he supported his family by working. His work was to pick cotton, carrot, or strawberry, depending on the season. Francisco’s father has trouble with his back, so he could not work as well as he did before. Things get worse when Roberto got married because he is unable to support the family anymore because he needs the money to build his own family. Francisco and his father become depressed as they worry for their life and survival. They often wonder how they will survive with the limited amount of money they receive from their work. Life is tough for them. Why do we have to go to school? It is the best option for our future. In general, achieving an education is not an easy thing to do. It is even harder for Francisco who moved to another country. Although he has problem with English, he never stop trying to learn it. In addition to getting a good education, Francisco also has to help support his family. This caused him to miss many school days. In his senior year, he hears good news from his teacher that he might be able to get a scholarship. He discusses the news with his family, but his father did not approve. Francisco could not control himself and finally talk back to his father that why cannot he get into college. Francisco felt ‘’anger [swallowing him] and [he] could not escape it† (168) Francisco felt passionate about his education because it is the only hope for Francisco to escape his poor life. He believes that he must fight for it because education is not only a ladder to success, but it will also give him knowledge to become a useful person in the future. In conclusion, Jimenez is trying to demonstrate survival and hardship through these themes. These are themes that would help us break through all the hardships in life. A better future depends on our hope and courage.